بررسی فرمون های جنسی سن های سبز پسته‭. Brachynema signatum ‬و ‭B. germari ‬در استان کرمان

The pistachio green stink bugs (Brachynema signatum & Brachynema germari) are the most important pests in the pistachio growing areas. The bugs also known as vectors of fungi such as Nematospora coryli. The investigations on the sex pheromones of pistachio bugs in the USA pistachio growing areas shown that, in all of the stink bug species studied, males produced the sex pheromones. In order to pheromone trials, at first, adult bugs were collected from wild weeds such as Salsola kali, Zygophyllum fabago and Peganum harmala. and fed on these hosts. Nymph stage were fed and reared on the above hosts, until adults were appeared. For both species, some of adult bugs were sexed right after the final molt, and kept as virgin in cohorts of the same age until they were used in experiments. Experiments were carried out with 18 treatment including: 1 virgin female, 3 virgin female, 1 mated Female, 3 mated Female, 1 virgin male, 3 virgin male, 1 mated male, 3 mated male and check. Each of treatment was carried out in 4 replication in pistachio orchards. Also two type of traps included transparent cylindrical trap and dark cylindrical trap were tested. Bugs surrounded on the small plastic place and traps with replaceable sticky inserts were used. Sampling and fed the surrounded bugs were carried out 2 or 3 days, until 7 days. Study on attractive behavior had shown that: 1- male is the concretionary pheromone component that causes the attractive of female. 2- Female come toward the pheromone source (approximately 15 cm), and avoid getting more until male coming to meet them. 3- Stink bugs do not like to enter dark place. 4- Stink bugs walk towards the pheromone source rather than flying, thus traps must be made accessible to walking them for catching in the traps. 5- Pheromone component in both species is especially and only catch female of the same species. Transparent cylindrical trap than the dark cylindrical trap were more effective. This study showed that: 3 virgin male in the both species have significant Difference than the other treatment, and on average 9.7 and 4.25 female bugs were attracted for B. signatum and B. germari respectively. Transparent cylindrical trap were more effective than the dark cylindrical trap. It is concluded that using of pheromone trap for mass trapping and decreases bugs population is not much inappropriate. This method can be used just for monitoring device, and may be as a procedure for forecasting of bugs attack time in the pistachio orchards.

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آفات پسته ، تله های فرمونی ، فرمون های جنسی ، سن های سبز ، کرمان (استان)